ibitangaza bibera mu isanzure harimo n’ubwirakabiri
Ubwirakabiri n’ibintu by’ibitangaza bibera mu kirere .
bwabaye ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2021 hari ku munsi wa gatatu, bwabaye ubwirakabiri bwuzuye bw’ukwezi bwabonywe muri Asia y’Uburasirazuba, Australia, muri Paficifique, no muri Amerika.
Juan Carlos Beamín umuhanga mu byerekeye inyenyeri zo mu isanzure mu kigo cyo kumenyesha ubumenyi bw’ikirere (science) muri kaminuza y’inyenyeri ya Chili, mu gitabo aherutse gusohora “Illustrated Astronomy” avuga ati: “Ku bisanzwe, hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ubwirakabiri: ubw’ukwezi n’ubw’izuba.
UBWIRAKABIRI BW’IZUBA
Rimwe na rimwe, iyo ukwezi kurimo kuzunguruka isi, kugendera hagati y’isi n’izuba, kugafunga umucyo ujva ku zuba gutyo hakabaho ubwirakabiri bw’izuba.
Mu yandi magambo, igice cyimwe cy’ukwezi gipfuka isi.
Ariko hari ubwoko butatu bw’ubwirakabiri bw’izuba , ubwo bugatandukanywa n’uburyo -ukwezi kuba gukingirije izuba.
Ubwirakabiri bw’izuba bwuzuye
Ubwirakabiri bwuzuye buba iyo izuba , isi n’ukwezi bitonze umurongo bikarebana ku buryo ukwezi gufunga umucyo wose.
Mu gihe cy’akanya gato, nk’amasegonda makeya (ariko hari igihe hashira n’iminota), ijuru ryuzura umwijima ukagirango habaye mw’ijoro.
Mu magambo ya NASA, “ubwirakabiri bwuzuye bushoboka gusa kw’isi kubera uguhurirana mu kirere”: izuba rifite ubunini kuruta ukwezi ho incuro 400, ariko kandi riri kure yako (ukwezi) ho incuro 400.
NASA ibisobanura gutya: “Izo ngero zisobanura ko iyo bitonze umurongo neza, ukwezi kuringanira neza nea n’izuba, hakaba ubwirakabiri bwuzuye bw’izuba.”
Umurongo werekana igicucucucu cy’ukwezi ku mpera y’isi witwa “(path of totality)” kandi muri ako gace gato niho habonekera uwo mucyo wuzuye.
Ku mpade zompi z’uwo murongo, ku birometero ibihumbi, ubwirakabiri burashobora kuboneka ariko butuzuye. Uko ukwezi gukinguruka izuba niko naryo rigenda rigaragara.
Ku byerekeye igihe bumara, Beamin avuga ko bituruka “ku buryo isi iba ihagaze urebye aho riri izuba, n’aho ukwezi kuri , igice kimwe cy’isi kiba kiri mu mwijima bitewe n’aho ubwirakabiri bwabereye”.
Uwo muhanga muberekeranye n’inyenyeri w’umunya-Chili avuga ko, mu bisanzwe, igihe kirekire ubwirakabiri bw’izuba bushobora kumara n’iminota 7 n’amasegonda 32.”
Ku byerekeye uko buba , ubwirakabiri ntibuba gake nk’uko ubitekereza, kuko buba buri mezi 18(umwaka n’amezi atandatu). Ikiba gake cyane n’uko ubwirakabiri bwuzuye busubira kuboneka aho bwabaye byibura ugereranije nko mu myaka 375.
Ubwirakabiri bw’impeta
Iyo ukwezi kuri kure cyane y’isi hanyuma kukagaragara nk’uko kumeze mu ifoto “mbese iyo kwabaye guto kuruta uko gusanzwe”, nti gukingiriza izuba ryose.
Igice kimeze nk’impeta cy’izuba kiba kigaragara gikikije ukwezi, ibyo biba byitwa ubwirakabiri bw’impeta bw’izuba (eclipse annulaire)
Ku wa 10 Kamena 2021, habaye ubwirakabiri bw’impeta bwabonwe mu bice bya Canada, Greenland n’Uburusiya babonye ubwirakabiri bwuzuye, ariko igice kinini cy’Uburaya, Asia yo hagati n’Ubushinwa babonye ubwirakabiri bw’igice.
NASA, yo ivuga ko bene ubwo bwirakabiri nibwo bumara umwanya munini kurusha ubundi, kuko iyo mpeta ishobora kuboneka iminota irenga 10, ariko ku bisanzwe ntibukunda kurenza iminota 5 cyangwa 6.
Ubwirakabiri bw’ubwoko bubiri icyarimwe (eclipse hybride)
Mu Ugushyingo 2013, habaye ubwirakabiri budasanzwe bw’ubwoko bubiri icyarimwe nk’uko mubona aho kw’ifoto, yafashwe muri Kenya
Beamín asobanura ko bene ubwo bwirakabiri ari ibintu biba “iyo ukwezi kuri aho gushobora gukingiriza izuba ryose, ariko, uko gukomeza kujya kure, gato y’isi kuka gukingiriza izuba ryose bigahinduka ubwirakabiri bw’impeta.”
Beamín arongerta ati: “Bushobora gutangira nk’ubwirakabiri bw’impeta hanyuma uko bukomeza bugatera ubwirakabiri bwuzuye”.
Bene ubwo bwirakabiri buba gake cyane (bubarwa kuri 4% y’ubwirakabiri bw’izuba bwose), ku bwa Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Astrophysique des îles Canaries/Canary Islands Astrophysics), IAC.
NASA yerekana ko ubwanyuma bwabaye mu 2013, ubundi bukaba bwarabaye 2023 bwarabaye muri Indonesia, Australia na Papouasie Nouvelle Guinee.
UBWIRAKABIRI BW’UKWEZI
Ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi buba iyo isi igiye hagati y’izuba n’ukwezi,kugafunga umucyo.
kubuspobanuro bwa IAC, “kubona ubwirakabiri bw’izuba bimeze nkaho uba urimo kureba ubwo bwirakabiri bw’ukwezi, haba imbusane aho ukwezi kuba kuri inyuma y’izuba
ubwo busobanuro buvuga ko bivuga ko “bitandukanye n’ubwirakabiri bw’izuba, aho igihe cyo kubona
ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi, ibyo bibera kimwe ahantu hose”.Haba kandi ubwoko butatu bw’ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi.
Ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bwuzuye
Mu gihe cy’ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bwuzuye , ukwezi n’izuba biba biri neza neza hirya no hino y’isi.isi iba iri hagati yabyo byombi
NASA yongeraho iti: “N’ubwo isi iba ikingirije izuba kubera umuvuduko w’isi”
Uwo mucyo w’izuba uca mu kirere cy’isi, gikuramwo imirasire y’ubururu hafi ya yose aricyo gituma, muri bene ibyo bihe, ukwezi gusa n’ugutukura.
isi ifite umurambararo (diametre) uruta incuro enye uw’ukwezi, n’umuvuduko wayo usumba, uw’ukwezi bituma ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bushobora kumara iminota 104 (isaha imwe n’iminota 44)”.
Neza neza ibyo nibyo byabaye ku wa 26 Gicurasi mu 2021.
Ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bw’igice
Bene ubwo bwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bw’igice bubaho gusa iyo igice cy’ukwezi cyinjiye mu gicucu cucu cy’isi .Bijyanye n’urugero kw’ubwo bwirakabiri, igice kimwe gikomeza kwijima ariko rimwe na rimwe kikitwa (charcoal grey) ni gake kigaragara kijimye k’ukwezi.Ivyo biva ku bihushane hagati y’agace kari mu cijiji n’igice c’ukwezi gifise umuco kiba kitashikiriwe n’icijiji.Ku bwa NASA mu gihe ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bwuzuye ari ibintu bishika gake, ubw’igice bushika nibura kabiri mu mwaka.Ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bw’igice bukurikira bwitezwe ku wa 18-19 ukwezi kwa 11, bukazobonwa muri Amerika y’uburaruko, hamwe n’ibice vya Buraya na Asia.
Ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi bita “penombre
Ubu bubaho iyo ukwezi guciye mu gice kitijimye cyane cy’isi.Bituma bene ubwo bwirakabiri bitoroha kububonesha amaso gusa, kuko bijvana n’ubunini bw’igice cy’ukwezi kiba cyinjiye muri icyo gice kitijimye cyane, uko kiba gito niko bigorana kukibona.
Ni nayo mpamvu bene ubwo bwirakabiri akenshi usanga butanashyirwa mu ingenga bihe UBWIRA KABIRI BW’INYENYERI
Ubwirakabiri bwose nti buhora burimo izuba n’ukwezi : inyenyeri za kure nazo zishobora kugira ubwirakabiri.
Mu gitabo ke yise “Illustrated Astronomy”, ushobora gusanga ku rubuga mpuza mbaga rwe ku buntu,rwitwa Beamín avuga ko: “50% y’inyenyeri usanga ziri mu istinda ry’ebyiri cyagwa zirenga,
“Kubera ikirere ririmo inyenyeri nyinshi cyane, zimwe muri izo nyenyeri ziba ziri mu inzizira ku buryo zirebana neza neza n’isi, mu nzira yazo yo kuzunguruka, inyenyeri imwe ugasanga iciye imbere y’iyindi. Ikayikingiza
“Izo nyenyeri zigendana ari ebyiri ziterana ubwirakabiri.”
